Money Talk
Stock Market Trivia
Wednesday, October 18th, 2006The Dow Jones Industrial Average broke 12,000 today (although it ended the day just shy of that mark, but still at a record high of 11,992.68). In honor of the event, here is some interesting trivia:
Time it took the DJIA to go from 10,000 to 11,000: 24 days Time it took the DJIA to go from 11,000 to 12,000: 7.5 years Increase in the DJIA thus far in October, 2006: 312 points Number of record highs set by the DJIA in the past two weeks: 7
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Playing with Numbers, Part 2
Thursday, September 28th, 2006The Dow Jones Industrial Average traded briefly over it’s record high today, while the tech-laden NASDAQ Composite remains significantly less than half of it’s record high. In keeping with today’s trend data theme, here are some interesting comparisons:
Here’s the graph everyone always talks about – stock market performance from the time the bubble burst (early 2000) until today:

The Dow broke even today (2,449 days after it’s record high). The NASDAQ is still down almost 50%. This data has been used for everything from explaining away bad investment strategies to arguing against the privatization of social security.
But let’s look at two other graphs that may put things in perspective. First, the performance of both indexes over the last ten years:

Obviously, the first thing one notices is the 377% gain in the NASDAQ between 1/1/96 and 3/10/00. But let’s focus on a few other data points as well: First, note that the NASDAQ’s net gain from 1/1/96 to today is 112% (just over 10% per year), which almost equals the more conservative DJIA’s 124% gain (11.5% per year) in the same period. Second, note that at the NASDAQ’s lowest point, 10/9/02, it was still 5% above it’s value on 1/1/96. Finally, note that Alan Greenspan’s famous “irrational exuberance” speech, in which he warned that assets may be overvalued, was given on December 5, 1996, when the DJIA was 6,381.94 and the NASDAQ was 1,287.68 (both roughly half of what they are today).
And yet, the same sorry tale continues to resonate over many beers in many different Wall Street bars: You invested $1,000 in a NASDAQ index fund on 1/1/96. On 3/10/00, it was worth $4,769. On 10/9/02, it was worth $1,052. Although you’d made 5% on your money (a paltry 0.75% per year, but still a gain), you cried to your friends about how you’ve lost your life’s savings. Now it’s 9/25/06, and your original $1,000 is worth $2,124, representing a very respectable 112% gain (more than 10% per year). Still, you cry to your friends about how risky the market is because your portfolio isn’t worth $4,769 like it used to be.
One more graph to illustrate another subtle point. By the end of 2002, the NASDAQ was significantly behind the DJIA, but today they’re just about even. The graph of both markets since 1/1/03 looks like something out of 1999. Well, OK, 1998:

A 62% return from the NASDAQ (16.5% per year), as compared to 34% (9% per year) for the DJIA.
The bottom line: the last ten years have been a roller coaster in the market, to be sure, but at the end of it all, total returns have hovered around a nice, healthy 10% or so. The volatility in between means that some people got lucky and made a killing, and others got unlucky and got killed.
But everyone remembers the lofty peaks, and the psychological loses are much, much harder to make back than the financial ones.
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Playing with Numbers, Part 1
Thursday, September 28th, 2006I’ve been playing around with trend data lately, and have discovered some interesting relationships that may provide a little context to current events. For instance, compare the historical price of oil to President Bush’s approval ratings throughout his presidency:

(chart links to a spreadsheet with the underlying data)
The correlation between the two datasets is -81.14%. In other words, over the last five and a half years, every time the price of oil has dropped $1, the President’s approval rating has increased by 0.8% (and vice versa). For the real statistics geeks, the R-Square value is 65.84%, suggesting that 65% of the movement in Bush’s approval ratings are explainable by the price of oil.
Now, I’m no statistician (two intro courses in statistics at The Wharton School were enough to sway me away forever), but I know enough to avoid confusing correlation with causality. This is not proof that the price of oil directly affects Bush’s approval ratings. It merely suggests that the historical data suggests a relationship. There is always the chance that this relationship is purely coincidental.
That said, (and based solely on my own opinion now, not the statistics), I think there is a causal relationship here. When the price of oil drops, the stock market tends to rise and the price of a gallon of gasoline tends to fall. These items have real world impact on most Americans and when they’re all moving in the right direction, I can easily imagine it affecting their attitude towards their president and their responses to polling questions.
What’s most surprising to me here is the extent of the correlation. If this data does reflect causality, then it means that each new opinion poll on the President’s job performance is not the stark referrendum on the Iraqi war, the erosion or our civil liberties, or our treatment of foreign detainees that one side or the other (depending on what the data says) claims it to be. Instead, around two thirds of any movement in the polls is tied to the price of a publicly traded commodity which is, at best, only indirectly controlled by the President himself.
Categories: Money Talk, Political Rantings | 4 Comments »
Good News – Things are Getting Worse!
Friday, July 28th, 2006When Wall Street analysts start focusing on inflation, you wind up with headlines like this:
STOCK PRICES RALLY ON SLOWDOWN IN GDP
The article explains itself nicely: Basically, when the economy grows at a slower rate, there’s less inflation, which means the Federal Reserve doesn’t have to raise interest rates. This keeps corporations’ costs for borrowing money from going up, which suggests higher profits in the future, so the stock market goes up.
Still reads funny, though…
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Tax Cuts for the Rich Raise Taxes for the Rich
Thursday, July 13th, 2006More evidence that every prediction you hear about taxes is intended solely to confuse you, nothing more. This, from the New York Times (free for now…)
An unexpectedly steep rise in tax revenues from corporations and the wealthy is driving down the projected budget deficit this year, even though spending has climbed sharply because of the war in Iraq and the cost of hurricane relief.
Unexpectedly steep rise in tax revenues from the wealthy? But I thought W’s sinister tax cuts were just fancy ways of cutting taxes for his rich cronies while taxing the lower middle class into poverty? I guess not…
The rest of the article quotes various partisans that bicker back and forth with the numbers: numbers are up, but haven’t reached the 2000 levels yet (right – 2000 was the peak of the largest peacetime expansion ever), numbers are up, but not as a percentage of GDP (why would you measure taxes against production? We tax income, not production, right?), etc., etc.
Here’s the key quote as regards taxes:
One reason for the increased volatility may be that, contrary to a popular assumption, a disproportionate share of income taxes is paid by wealthy households, and their incomes are based much more on the swings of the stock market than on wages and salaries. About one-third of all income taxes are paid by households in the top 1 percent of income earners, who make more than about $300,000 a year. Because those households also earn the overwhelming share of taxable investment income and executive bonuses, both their incomes and their tax liabilities swing sharply in bull and bear markets.
That’s mostly right, except for the bull & bear markets part. You pay capital gain taxes when you sell a stock. There’s more selling in a bear market, but in a bull market, sales occur at higher prices – causing larger capital gains & higher tax revenue, even though the tax rate is the same. You also pay taxes on dividends (one of the rates the Bush plan cut). Dividends come in bull and bear markets, although corporations tend to raise their dividends when things are going well, so bull markets will see higher taxes, but it’s very rare that a company lowers its dividend once it’s been raised, so I don’t expect this number declines much in a bear market.
Bottom line: both parties are obfuscating here.
The Democrats spent years telling us that Bush’s tax cuts were only for the rich, quoting us bogus statistics about how someone making over $200,000 per year would receive tens of thousands in tax cuts, while someone making $75,000 per year would receive a few hundred bucks. Now that it turns out the rich are paying significantly more in taxes, their gripe is that it’s not growing fast enough. I assume they’d be against further “cuts for the rich” to make it grower faster, though, huh?
The Republicans are spinning this good news into a claim that the deficit will be smaller than originally predicted. Someone needs to slap them in the face and tell them that increased revenue is not a valid excuse for unbelievable excesses in spending, and that faster than expected revenue increases are a golden opportunity to run budget surpluses, as opposed to smaller-than-expected deficits (cf. Bill Clinton’s last two years in office). While they are correctly touting this as a reason to make the tax cuts permanent, they are also using it as a matador’s cape to distract us from the runaway spending problem they’ve created.
Spinners, one and all. But, the policy itself seems to have been sound, so it’s good to know that at least it could have been worse…
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Some More About the SWIFT Story
Saturday, June 24th, 2006I wouldn’t claim to be an expert on how SWIFT messages work, but I have worked with/for Wall Street firms for more than a decade, so I do know a thing or two about them. The more I read about this story, the more I am dumbstruck at the apparent lack of knowledge being displayed (or, as is more likely the case, ignored for political purposes). So, some facts that might help:
- A very large majority of banking institutions worldwide use the SWIFT network to send inter-bank messages. This is Metcalfe’s Law at work – the more people that use the network, the more valuable it becomes.
Categories: Money Talk, Political Rantings | 12 Comments »
More on WinMac
Thursday, April 6th, 2006I’ve got to hand it to those folks over at Apple – they’ve always got a trick up their sleeves. The common zeitgeist was that Apple was going to let the hacker community solve the “run Windows on a Mac” problem, then judge its popularity, then respond with support for the idea only if it seemed viable. Well, the hackers did their part, but less than three weeks later, Apple released a beta version of the supported solution: Boot Camp. Obviously, they had this cooking while the hackers were doing their thing. In any case, Boot Camp, which is in beta now, but will be built into the next version of OS X (Leopard), allows users to select between the Mac OS and Windows XP at boot time – no emulation required. So, users who want/need a Windows environment, but prefer the Apple hardware will now be satisfied with just one machine.
As I mentioned earlier (WARNING: Link contains long, screed-like comments war between me and Jeff Porten), this is has the potential to be a huge financial win for Apple. Not only have studies predicted the potential sale of an additional one million machines (22% increase in sales, 80% increase in market share), but these studies don’t even address the corporate market. If the architecture on these machines is pure (i.e,. the Windows environment is an exact duplicate of what you’d find on a Dell or Compaq machine), I believe Apple can expect to quickly capture some portion of the much larger, and more sustainable, corporate PC market. Wall Street seems to agree with me, sending Apple’s stock up roughly 16% in just two days, increasing the company’s market cap by more than $8 billion. Some analyst quotes:
“In short, we believe this news, more than any news in recent memory, provides a critical boost to Apple’s ability to gain share in the PC market” – JPMorgan Chase
“By doing this, Apple has made a tacit acknowledgement of what many have already said, which basically is: If you’re serious about home computing or small-enterprise computing, you need Windows. There’s no way around it. . . . Apple machines are excellently manufactured, and the performance is far superior. Now you can go in, look at those gorgeous Mac Minis and MacBook (Pros) and view them as a normal PC. You can run XP and never touch OS X, if you don’t want to.” – Forrester Research
Ironically, the only sourpuss in all of this is Apple itself, who has taken a tack that lies somewhere between what I was saying and what Jeff was saying (big surprise there, huh?). They’re positioning this as a way to “make the Mac even more appealing to Windows users considering making the switch,” as opposed to a way for Windows users to buy & use higher quality hardware. They’re also clearly backing away from any association with Windows or its very public security concerns (perhaps to protect their brand identity, as Jeff suggested). Their website warns:
Windows running on a Mac is like Windows running on a PC. That means it’ll be subject to the same attacks that plague the Windows world. So be sure to keep it updated with the latest Microsoft Windows security fixes.
Ultimately, I think the marketing will follow the market. If the majority of Boot Camp users are Mac users that use Windows sparingly (i.e., only when necessary), then we’ll see the “Switch” ads again. If, however, the majority are Windows users that like the improved graphics, bigger & nicer monitors, etc., and pop over to MacOS occasionally to try something new, then I think we’ll see “Apple is better than Dell or Compaq” ads.
In any case, we won’t see any of this for a while now (mass market appeal won’t happen until the Leopard release, and then it will take some time for corporate America to vette the platform and agree that it’s fully compatible with what they have today). Maybe when all the ’07 budgets come in???
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The Cobbler’s Shoes…
Wednesday, April 5th, 2006It seems H&R Block has restated its earning for the last two years, because it made mistakes on its income taxes.
Seriously.
H&R Block said on Friday that it was restating earnings for 2004 and 2005 to reflect previously reported mistakes on its income taxes.
In a series of regulatory filings, H&R Block said it underreported its state income tax liability by $30.5 million through April 30, 2005, requiring the company to lower per share earnings for that year by 3 cents, 2004 earnings by 4 cents and earnings before May 1, 2003, by 1 cent.
Heh…Only 10 days until April 15th. Probably a pretty busy time for them, huh? I guess this year , they’ll be shooting for the “don’t read the paper” crowd…
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Quantifying the Potential of Wintel Windows
Wednesday, March 15th, 2006The investment banking firm Needham & Co have done a study that attempts to determine how much Apple would earn if the Mactel machines ran Windows natively.
Bottom line: 1 million more machines, a 22% increase in sales for Apple, and an 80% increase in market share (9.2%, up from 5.1%).
The article points out that the survey is biased because it surveyed college students who already are mor highly disposed to Macs than the general population. Fair enough, but what it doesn’t consider is the corporate purchases that would come if Apple were just another hardware provider, like HP or Dell. Without any supporting data, I would guess that this number would drawf the ones above.
Categories: Money Talk, Tech Talk | 18 Comments »
Y2-Rich Bug?
Saturday, February 11th, 2006According to this, the IRS has a separate computer to track his taxes, because their normal computers can’t handle numbers that big. Says Gates, “My tax return in the United States has to be kept on a special computer because their normal computers can’t deal with the numbers.”
OK, two things: 1) I realize the guy has a ton of money ($47 billion, according to Forbes), but if the IRS can’t handle that, it’s a problem with the software, not the computer. And the fix they’d install wouldn’t disable the software for the rest of us, so why would they need a separate computer? And 2) Shouldn’t the head of Microsoft know this? And if they are using a separate computer for his taxes (for whatever reason), shouldn’t he be able to explain it better?
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